On January 8, 1865, eight miles east of here, Confederate troops and Texas militiamen fought a large party of Kickapoo Indians at Dove Creek. Formerly hostile to the South, the Kickapoos had entered Texas without authority and were making their way to Mexico. After five hours of desperate fighting, the troops withdrew, having lost 22 killed and 19 wounded, while Indian losses were probably lower. Later Kickapoo raids were traced to the Dove Creek fight. During the Civil War, conflict also brought turmoil to Indians living in Kansas and the Indian Territory, with most Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles aiding the South while others supported the North. Few Comanches made a treaty with the South, but most Comanches and their Kiowa allies remained apart from both sides and raided the frontier, while Apaches and Kickapoos did the same from Mexico. Despite poor arms and mounts, Texas and Confederate troops maintained defense lines until the war's end.