Missionaries of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions were massacred in China in 1900: at Paoting-Fu on July 1, Horace Tracy Pitkin, Mary Susan Morrill, and Annie Allender Gould; at Tai-Yuan, Shansi, on July 9, Ernestine Harriet Atwater and Mary Sanders Atwater; at Taiku, Shansi, on July 31, Dwight Howard Clapp, Mary Jane Clapp, Susan Rowena Bird, Mary Louise Partridge, George Louis Williams, and Francis Ward Davis; and near Fenchowfu, Shansi, on August 15, Charles Wesley Price, Eva Jane Price, Ernest Richmond Atwater, Elizabeth Graham Atwater, Florence Price, Celia Bell Atwater, and Bertha Bowen Atwater.