After the Civil War, Owensboro's African-American community grew as black residents of Daviess County, who had lived mostly in rural areas in 1860, became concentrated in Owensboro by 1900. Jobs, changes in agriculture, and the strength of a thriving black community drew people into the city, where many worked in distilling, tobacco warehousing and stripping, wood products, teamstering, steamboats, railroads, hotels, and restaurants. Segregation laws restricted black residents and pushed African-Americans to rely on their own institutions for progress and happiness. Black-owned businesses, including some serving the black community and others downtown serving both races, helped sustain community life, and three black physicians practiced in Owensboro in 1900. Schools, churches, social clubs, and fraternal organizations formed the nucleus of a thriving cultural life that included chautauquas, theater performances, and athletic and musical organizations. Black children attended Dunbar School on the city's east side and Western School, which included elementary and high school departments. In the early 1960's, under the leadership of Prof. H. E. Goodloe and others, the way was paved for school integration. With the closing of Western High School on West Third Street, now the H. E. Goodloe Center, and the end of segregation, Owensboro's African-American population entered a new era of challenges and opportunities.