Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge in Kings Bay at Crystal River, Florida, was established in 1983 to protect the West Indian manatee, especially the Florida manatees that gather there in winter. Covering about 80 acres across 20 islands and small land parcels, and reachable only by boat, the refuge centers on warm springs whose 72-degree water draws manatees during cold spells. Winter management includes seasonal access restrictions to reduce disturbance and prevent injuries as manatees rest in the springs. Over time, its work has also expanded to habitat restoration, support for declining animal populations, and invasive species control, giving this small refuge an important role as a winter sanctuary.