From 1832 to 1840, the Trail of Tears passed through the Arkansas River valley and Franklin County by several routes used in the removal of the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Muscogee Creek, Seminole, and Cherokee. A northern land route followed from Clarksville to north of Ozark and then west on Old Wire Road to the Mulberry River, and was known during removal as the Bell Route. Some members of all five tribes were taken by river boats through Ozark on the Arkansas River route. When the river was too low for boats to continue upstream beyond Roseville, travelers went overland west to Fort Smith. Another route followed the Old Military Road from Little Rock to Fort Gibson, with breaks in eastern Franklin County before joining Highway 60 and continuing west. A major campsite on this road was at Cherokee Prairie, northwest of the intersection where State Highway 217 crosses the Old Military Road, and the Seminoles' great medicine man Yohola died there and was buried on a nearby hilltop. Marble from Tate, Georgia had been used by Native Americans since 800 A.D., and the Cherokee were using it when whites arrived in Georgia. Fritz Simons first spotted the marble in 1836 along the Old Federal Road, and after the Cherokee were removed in 1838 he began quarrying it. Cherokee marble was later used for the Lincoln Memorial and other government buildings in D.C. The Arkansas River route past Ozark carried part of all five tribes, with records showing 25 steamers used in the removal, some making multiple trips. River travel was hazardous: after the Robert Thompson became the first steamer to navigate the Arkansas River up to Fort Smith in 1822 while carrying military supplies, 329 steamboats sank and 444 lives were lost on the river over a 133-year period.