Nanih Waiya in Mississippi is an ancient mound and sacred site long revered by the Choctaw and also treated by the Chickasaw as an origin place. Built in the Middle Woodland period, about 300 to 600 CE, it remained occupied until at least around 700 CE and was once part of a larger earthwork complex. Choctaw oral traditions connect the mound and a nearby cave with emergence, settlement, burial, and ancestral memory. After passing from Choctaw control following the 1830 Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek and Indian Removal, the site was later preserved by Mississippi. In 2008, it was deeded to the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians.