On September 6, 1901, at Buffalo’s Pan-American Exposition, President William McKinley was shot at close range by anarchist Leon Czolgosz while greeting the public at the Temple of Music. McKinley, early in a strong second term, had insisted on keeping the reception despite security concerns and his aides’ warnings. One bullet grazed him, but another entered his abdomen, and although he initially seemed to improve, gangrene set in and he died on September 14. Theodore Roosevelt then became president. Czolgosz was later convicted and executed. McKinley’s death became a major turning point in presidential security, leading Congress to assign presidential protection to the Secret Service.