Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge is a federal conservation area off Chatham, Massachusetts, encompassing North Monomoy, South Monomoy, Minimoy, and the mainland Morris Island unit across 7,604 acres. Established in 1944 after the federal government took over Monomoy Island just before World War II, it also served as the Monomoy Island Gunnery Range from 1944 to 1951. The refuge protects a dynamic coastal landscape of shoreline, dunes, marshes, and ponds, with habitat especially important for migratory birds and threatened shorebirds. It also includes Monomoy Point Light, the decommissioned keeper’s quarters, and part of the protected Monomoy Wilderness on Cape Cod.