Culpeper (formerly Culpeper Courthouse, earlier Fairfax) is an incorporated town in Culpeper County, Virginia, United States. It is the county seat and part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. At the 2020 United States Census, the population was 20,062, an increase from 16,379 in 2010. Its growth has been influenced by the town's location along U.S. Route 15, U.S. Route 29, and U.S. Route 522, as well as its rail and bus connections and proximity to the Washington metropolitan area.