Between 1859 and 1876, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden explored privately and for the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. His expeditions surveyed nearly all of Colorado, producing accurate maps and atlases, fossils for scientific study, and names of mountains, many of which he climbed, rivers, and geological formations. Artist Thomas Moran accompanied him, as did photographer William H. Jackson, who took the first images of the Mount of the Holy Cross and the Mesa Verde cliff dwellings. While on a surveying expedition in the Yampa River Valley, Hayden's party camped near present-day Hayden, Colorado. James Terry Gardiner, a member of Hayden's 1874 Colorado survey expedition, recalled climbing seven great peaks in nine days, including three ascents over 14,000 feet, with predawn starts and breakfasts by candlelight in the frosty air to keep food and drink from freezing. Anna E. Dickinson, who met Hayden and his survey party in Colorado in 1873, admired their patience and unwearied energy as they braved rain, snow, sleet, hail, hunger, thirst, exposure, bitter nights, snowy climbs, and dangers of death for abstract science.