After the fight, the Indians removed all but one or two of their dead and wounded from the battlefield, taking them to a spring near the present day Fish Hatchery for cleansing and treatment. Estimates of Indian casualties varied widely, with traditional oral history placing them between six and 100, while Captain Powell estimated 60 dead and 120 wounded. The soldiers also withdrew, and after Major Smith’s column rescued them, the surgeon treated the wounded and gave each survivor a drink of whiskey. Military losses were three dead in the corral, four dead at the side camp, and two wounded in the corral, and these losses along with the daylong fight led the military to reconsider its position at the pineries. Although the military regarded the fight as a victory that boosted morale on the western plains, it recognized weaknesses in the existing corral, and Lieutenant Alexander Wishart immediately created a new position south and west of the Wagon Box Fight corral with a better field of fire, a stronger defensive location, a trench around the exterior, wagon boxes set on the excavated dirt, and a new campsite to the south. The Indians also viewed the Wagon Box Fight as a victory because they destroyed the side camp, burned several wagons, captured a large mule herd, killed or wounded several of the enemy, and fulfilled their goal of harassing the forts. They also learned that the soldiers had new weapons and that modern guns would be necessary to win. In November 1867, Lieutenant Shurley’s command was attacked on Big Goose Creek, and after a daylong fight the Indians were driven off; it is believed their objective was to capture a mountain howitzer and weapons. Continued fighting kept the Bozeman Trail closed to all but military traffic and made maintaining the forts very expensive. Through continuous skirmishing and careful use of his resources, Red Cloud was winning his war, which continued into the summer of 1868 with raids at all three forts along the Bozeman Trail and at the new Fort Fetterman on the North Platte River. In 1868, treaty negotiators were again ready to discuss the Bozeman Trail, and the results made Red Cloud’s War one of the few, though temporary, victories by American Indians against the western expansion of the United States.