Jacobs Cavern, a small rock shelter east of Pineville in southwestern Missouri, became an important archaeological site after E. H. Jacobs, Charles Peabody, and Warren K. Moorehead explored it in 1903. Their excavation revealed long prehistoric occupation preserved in ash, breccia, clay, tools, animal bones, and six human burials. Finds included numerous chipped-stone implements, bone or horn awls, metates, pottery fragments, and remains of deer, bear, buffalo, elk, and turkey. The investigators regarded the material as relatively old and simple in comparison with mound-building cultures. Jacobs Cavern remains significant as one of Missouri’s early excavated cave sites and a record of ancient life in the Ozark borderlands.