On April 20, 1863, Confederate Gens. William E. "Grumble" Jones and John D. Imboden began a raid on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from Virginia through present-day West Virginia. Taking separate routes, they later reported that they marched 1,100 miles, fought several engagements, captured 700 Federals, seized about 1,700 horses and 4,000 cattle, and burned 4 turnpike bridges, more than 20 railroad bridges, 2 trains, and 150,000 barrels of oil. Most bridges were soon repaired, Confederate losses were slight, and by May 26 both commands had returned to Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. Confederate Gen. William E. Jones and about 2,500 cavalrymen approached Greenland Gap on April 25, 1863, en route to Rowlesburg to destroy the Cheat River and Tray Run bridges and halt rail traffic between Rowlesburg and the Ohio River. Union Capt. Martin Wallace's Co. G, 23rd Illinois Infantry, reinforced by Capt. Jacob Smith's detachment from Co. A, 14th West Virginia Infantry, held the two-story log Dunkard church and two nearby dwellings, vowing to fight to the last crust or cartridge. When a Confederate officer under a flag of truce demanded surrender, Wallace refused, and only after the Confederates set the church afire did he surrender; all of the Federals were exchanged by October. Their stubborn resistance delayed Jones's column and enabled some Federal officers to warn the garrison at Rowlesburg of the impending threat. Jones's later attack at Rowlesburg was repulsed, and the Cheat River and Tray Run bridges were saved.