Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge in northeastern Washington protects more than 23,000 acres of Channeled Scablands on the eastern edge of the Columbia Basin, where basalt outcrops, canyons, forests, meadows, marshes, wetlands, and lakes form an unusually varied landscape. Shaped by volcanism, glaciation, and the Missoula Floods about 16,000 years ago, it occupies a rare ecological transition between Columbia Basin grasslands and eastern mountain country. Established in 1937 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the refuge provides important breeding and nesting habitat for migratory birds and other wildlife. Its wetlands are among eastern Washington’s last high-quality waterfowl breeding areas, and the refuge also supports public recreation.