Hawk Mountain, a ridge in eastern Pennsylvania within the Blue Mountain section of the Appalachians, includes a large protected landscape centered on Hawk Mountain Sanctuary. Once called North Mountain, it became nationally significant through the rise of bird conservation. In the early 1930s, widespread shooting of migrating hawks and eagles there drew attention after Richard Pough documented the slaughter. In 1934, Rosalie Edge bought the property, ended the shoot, renamed the ridge, and established a sanctuary that became an early center of raptor protection. Later, the site also became an important migration watchsite, with systematic counts continuing since the end of World War Two.

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