In 1874 Texas ranchers began driving large herds of Longhorn cattle to the railhead at Dodge City, Kansas, for butcher markets back east and to stock newly opened rangelands in the northern U.S. Territories and Canada. The hooves of some 3,000,000 steers, cows and bulls wore permanent depressions across the prairie. The trail entered Indian Territory at Doan's Crossing on the Red River and passed a mile east of here. Trail herds averaged 3000 cattle and were driven by ten to twelve cowboys accompanied by a chuck wagon, and each cowboy had a string of seven to ten saddle horses. Beside Boggy Creek, thousands of cattle were watered and bedded down at night, and the main trail crossed Wolf Creek at Horseshoe Crossing, two miles north. In 1885 the Kansas Legislature imposed an embargo against Texas cattle to stop the spread of Texas Fever, which was transmitted by ticks on the Longhorn cattle, ending the trail drives through Indian Territory.