Secession bitterly divided Tennessee's mountain residents in 1861. Most were Unionist, but this part of the state remained Confederate territory until later in the war, and guerrilla warfare was common. Secessionists and Unionists lived side by side in the Nolichucky River Valley. Local farm boys joined both the Confederate and Union armies. East of Unicoi on Tennessee Route 107, Bell Cemetery marks the site of the Limestone Cove Massacre. In November 1863, Confederate Colonel William A. Witcher's cavalry rode to the Bell Farm, killed nine young men who were en route to join the Union army, and burned the farmhouse. The Tipton-Haynes State Historic Site in Johnson City is associated with Landon C. Haynes, a Confederate senator during the war. Postwar hostility toward former secessionists was so strong that he moved to West Tennessee. Elizabethton was home to Samuel P. Carter, a Mexican War naval veteran and professor at the U.S. Naval Academy. When the Civil War began, he remained loyal to the Union, served as a cavalry general, led raids in East Tennessee in 1862-1863, later resumed his naval career, and was promoted to rear admiral in 1882.