Brunswick Falls, or Pejepscot Falls, is a waterfall and dam site on the Androscoggin River between Brunswick and Topsham whose history joins Maine’s geology, Indigenous life, industry, and environmental change. Formed after the last Ice Age, the falls were long used by Paleoindians and later the Wabanaki for food, fishing, trade, and a fur trading post. European use began in 1628, and the site later held colonial forts and important fisheries. From the 18th century onward, dams increasingly transformed the falls into a center of waterpower for mills and, later, hydroelectric generation. Those dams also blocked migratory fish, leaving a legacy of ecological loss despite later restoration efforts.