Kalmiopsis Wilderness is a vast protected backcountry in southwestern Oregon's Klamath Mountains, established by Congress in 1964 within the Rogue River–Siskiyou National Forest. Known for its steep canyons, sharp ridges, mountain streams, and unusual geology, it supports distinctive plant life, including the rare Kalmiopsis leachiana discovered there by botanist Lilla Leach in 1930. The area also preserves traces of an earlier mining district that began with a gold rush around 1850. In modern times, major fires, especially the Biscuit Fire in 2002 and the Chetco Bar Fire in 2017, reshaped much of the wilderness and made it a significant setting for studying ecological recovery.