Elephant Mountain rises in western Maine across Township C in Oxford County and into Township D in Franklin County, between Bemis Mountain and Old Blue Mountain in a rugged upland region. The Appalachian Trail passes along its base about 700 feet below the summit during its long route from Georgia to Maine, though it does not climb the peak. The mountain is also part of the Androscoggin River watershed. Runoff from its slopes feeds brooks and streams that reach the Richardson lakes, Rapid River, Umbagog Lake, and the Ellis, Swift, and Androscoggin rivers before ultimately flowing to Merrymeeting Bay and the Gulf of Maine.