HISTORY · HISTORICAL MARKER
The Pottawatomi
History
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The Pottawatomi, who call themselves Neshnabek, meaning the "People," were first mentioned in The Jesuit Relations of 1640 after French fur trader Jean Nicolet encountered them in 1634 along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. Tradition holds that the Pottawatomi, Ottawa, and Chippewa shared a common Algonquin ancestry in the Ojibwa. Between 1641 and 1667, trade wars caused upheaval and migration among the Pottawatomi, and many moved to Wisconsin. In 1708 they began arriving in the Illinois country, some from Michigan and others by river systems such as the Fox River, settling along banks and tributaries. Their bands and clans spread through northern Indiana and northern Illinois as far west as the Rock River and south to Peoria, traversing the surrounding countryside, hunting and fishing along the Fox River, and befriending settlers. In 1832 Chief Shabni, described as one of the settlers' most loyal friends, made a desperate horseback ride to warn them of the Black Hawk outbreak. By 1837 almost all of the Pottawatomi and related peoples had been removed from Illinois, staying briefly at Council Bluffs, Iowa, then moving to Missouri; when conditions there proved intolerable, some went to eastern Kansas while others made the long trek to upper Wisconsin and Michigan. They are remembered in the Fox River Valley for sustaining pioneers in hard times, saving early settlers during the Black Hawk War, and seeking peaceful coexistence with their new neighbors.
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