The Robert S. Peabody Institute of Archaeology at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, was founded in 1901 from Robert Singleton Peabody’s bequest as both a museum and a teaching center devoted to archaeology and respect for the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Over time it became a major center for fieldwork, research, publication, and archaeological science, with important excavations, vast collections from across North America and beyond, and influential work in chronology, paleoecology, and radiocarbon dating. Revived in 1990 after a dormant period, it has also become notable for strengthening ties with Native communities and participating in major repatriation efforts under NAGPRA.