Deschutes National Forest stretches along the east side of Oregon’s Cascade Range and, since its establishment in 1908, has grown into a major protected and recreational landscape of nearly 1.6 million acres. Its character is defined by volcanic history, including ash from Mount Mazama, the Newberry Volcano area’s cinder cones, lava flows, tubes, and more than 400 caves. The forest includes the Newberry National Volcanic Monument, parts of five wilderness areas, wild and scenic rivers, and other preserves. Despite its dry volcanic terrain, it supports old growth forest, fen wetlands, endangered whitebark pine, and diverse wildlife, while also serving as a center for hiking, skiing, and other outdoor recreation.