Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge in North Dakota protects about 16 miles of the James River within a varied prairie landscape of wetlands, grasslands, forest patches, and unusual stands of oak and hackberry. Managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, it is especially significant for migratory waterfowl and other prairie wildlife. During spring and fall migration, roughly 90,000 to 100,000 birds may gather there, and more than 100 bird species have been recorded. Habitat management supports nesting waterfowl through prescribed fire, haying, crop cultivation, and livestock grazing, while seasonal hunting, fishing, and a nature trail also make the refuge accessible to people.