Long before white settlers arrived, five Indian lodge trails radiated from Ogden Valley and linked to other migratory routes across northern Utah, southern Idaho, and western Wyoming, where Shoshone and some Ute bands traveled widely for hunting and gathering. One trail climbed North Ogden Creek to North Ogden Pass and then turned north into the valley; another crossed north of Liberty and followed the South Fork of the Little Bear River to Cache Valley; a third went east up South Fork, over Skin Toe Trail, across Lost Creek, and toward the Bear River north of Evanston; a fourth followed Hawkins Creek south of Huntsville and connected with a trail on the Weber at Mountain Green; and a fifth went west down Ogden Canyon, crossed the mountain between Cold Water and Warm Water creeks, and emerged near 21st Street. Pathfinders, trappers, and explorers later used these well-worn routes. In May 1825 Peter Skene Ogden led Hudson's Bay Company trappers south from Cache Valley on Trail #2, took 585 beaver pelts in the valley he called New Hole, then followed Trail #4 toward the Weber River before turning back after a skirmish with American trappers at Mountain Green. Mountain men later called the valley Ogden Hole. In 1843 John C. Fremont traveled south on an Indian trail from Fort Hall to the Weber River, launched a boat, and visited the island in Great Salt Lake that bears his name. In 1849 Capt. J. Howard Stansbury left the Donner Trail south of Evanston, descended the Bear River until he found Trail #3 heading west, reached the headwaters of Lost Creek, then took Trail #1 west to Brownsville, now Ogden; later he became the first person to record the existence of ancient Lake Bonneville. After the Mormon pioneers arrived in July 1847, Brigham Young sent exploring parties north and south along Indian trails west of the Wasatch Mountains to locate settlement sites, including a party that contacted Miles Goodyear at Fort Buenaventura. In 1848 he sent a party toward Bear Lake by way of Trail #3, and in 1854 he sent an expedition over Trail #1 to find a shorter route to Fort Bridger for settlers near Ogden, taking the first wagon into Ogden Hole by hand down the steep incline. Ogden Hole became a summer grazing area for cattle in 1856, herd houses were built where Eden stands in 1857, permanent settlers arrived in 1858, and Huntsville and Liberty followed soon afterward. A toll road through Ogden Canyon built in 1860 by Lorin Farr and Isaac Goodale later became the main route into Ogden Valley. For years, Indian bands continued to pass through the valley over the old trails to and from their hunting grounds, remaining nonhostile and trading for food and goods with settlers.